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BTS CG accounting revision sheet: double-entry bookkeeping, chart of accounts (PCG), balance sheet, income statement, VAT, payroll and financial analysis.
The French BTS CG (Comptabilité et Gestion) is a two-year post-secondary diploma training accounting technicians. Graduates handle general accounting, tax filings, payroll, financial analysis and budget management. This sheet summarises the core topics of the official programme.
The Plan Comptable Général organises accounts into eight classes: 1 — Equity and liabilities, 2 — Fixed assets, 3 — Inventories, 4 — Third-party accounts (receivables/payables), 5 — Financial accounts (bank, cash), 6 — Expenses, 7 — Revenue, 8 — Special accounts. Classes 1–5 feed into the balance sheet; classes 6–7 feed into the income statement.
Every transaction generates at least one debit entry and one credit entry, so that total debits always equal total credits. Expense accounts (class 6) are debited when they increase; revenue accounts (class 7) are credited when they increase.
Common entries include: purchasing goods on credit (debit 607 Purchases + 44566 Input VAT / credit 401 Suppliers), recording a sale (debit 411 Customers / credit 701 Sales + 44571 Output VAT), and receiving payment (debit 512 Bank / credit 411 Customers).
Continuity of operations, prudence (recognise probable losses immediately, record gains only when certain), accruals (matching income and expenses to the correct period), historical cost, non-offsetting, and consistency of methods.
Balance sheet (Bilan): snapshot of assets (fixed assets, current assets) and liabilities (equity, provisions, debts) at a given date. Fundamental equation: Assets = Equity + Liabilities.
Income statement (Compte de résultat): lists all expenses (class 6) and revenues (class 7) for the financial year. Net income = Operating result + Financial result + Exceptional result − Corporate tax.
Notes (Annexe): supplementary information on methods used, off-balance-sheet commitments and significant items.
Straight-line depreciation: annual charge = gross value / useful life. Declining-balance depreciation: applies a coefficient (1.25 for 3–4 years, 1.75 for 5–6 years, 2.25 for 6+ years) to the net book value, switching to straight-line when the latter yields a higher charge.
Provisions: for asset impairment (doubtful receivables, inventory write-downs) and for risks and liabilities (litigation, guarantees). Provisions are created by debiting a dotation account and crediting a provision account, and reversed when no longer needed.
VAT (TVA): standard rate 20%, intermediate 10%, reduced 5.5%, super-reduced 2.1%. VAT payable = Output VAT − Input VAT. Monthly filing on form CA3.
Corporate tax (IS): standard rate 25%. Reduced rate of 15% on the first €42,500 of profit for qualifying SMEs (turnover < €10M, fully paid-up capital held 75%+ by individuals). Paid in four quarterly instalments with a final adjustment.
CFE (local business tax): based on the cadastral rental value of business premises, rate set by the municipality.
Gross salary − Employee contributions (social security, supplementary pension AGIRC-ARRCO, CSG/CRDS) = Net salary before tax − Withholding tax (PAS) = Net pay. Overtime is paid at +25% (36th–43rd hour) and +50% (from the 44th hour). Employer contributions include health insurance (13%), pension, family allowances and unemployment insurance.
Intermediate Management Balances (SIG): Commercial margin → Added value → Gross operating surplus (EBE) → Operating result → Current result before tax → Net result. Each level isolates a dimension of performance.
Self-financing capacity (CAF): cash flow generated by operations = Net result + Depreciation/provision charges − Reversals − Asset disposal gains + Book value of disposed assets.
Key ratios: commercial margin rate, added-value rate, return on assets, return on equity, debt-to-equity ratio, current ratio, inventory turnover, receivables days, payables days.
Full costing: allocates all direct and indirect costs to products via cost centres and cost drivers. Cost of goods sold = Purchase cost + Production cost + Distribution cost.
Variable costing: only variable costs are charged to products. Contribution margin = Revenue − Variable costs. Break-even point = Fixed costs / Contribution margin ratio.
Budgeting: sales budget, production budget, procurement budget (Wilson formula for optimal order quantity), investment budget, cash budget. Variance analysis compares actual results with forecasts to trigger corrective actions.