Ready to study smarter?
Try nowNo credit card required - Join 40,000+ students
Physics-Chemistry Terminale revision sheet: kinetics, acid-base, Newton's laws, Kepler, energy, waves, diffraction. Full French Bac 2026 program.
The Bac Physics-Chemistry exam lasts 3 hours 30 minutes (coefficient 16). It features an experimental problem (10 points) and one or two problem-solving exercises. Calculators are permitted. The entire programme is examinable: matter, mechanics, energy, waves and signals.
Amount of substance n (mol) relates mass m to molar mass M: n = m/M. Molar concentration: C = n/V. Mass concentration: t = m/V = C×M. Dilution conserves amount of solute: C₀V₀ = CV. Dilution factor: F = C₀/C.
Reaction rate: v = (1/V) × dξ/dt, where ξ is the advancement. Half-reaction time (t₁/₂): time for advancement to reach half its final value, determined graphically. Kinetic factors: temperature (more kinetic energy, more effective collisions), concentration (more collisions), catalyst (lowers activation energy without being consumed; can be homogeneous, heterogeneous, or enzymatic).
Reaction quotient Qr = [products]^coeff / [reactants]^coeff. Equilibrium constant K depends only on temperature. If Qr < K: forward reaction. If Qr > K: reverse reaction. If Qr = K: equilibrium.
Brønsted definition: acid = proton donor, base = proton acceptor. pH = −log[H₃O⁺]. Acidity constant: Ka = [A⁻][H₃O⁺]/[AH], pKa = −log(Ka). At pH = pKa, equal concentrations of acid and conjugate base. Predominance diagram: if pH < pKa, the acid form dominates; if pH > pKa, the base form dominates. Buffer solutions resist pH changes upon addition of small amounts of acid or base. Acid-base titration: at equivalence, C_A×V_A = C_B×V_B; detected by pH-metry (tangent or derivative method) or a colour indicator whose transition range includes the equivalence pH.
Oxidising agent gains electrons; reducing agent loses electrons. Half-equation: ox + ne⁻ ⇌ red. To balance a redox equation: write both half-equations, equalise electron counts, then add them. Electrochemical cell: oxidation at anode (−), reduction at cathode (+), chemical energy converted to electrical energy. Electrolysis: forced (non-spontaneous) transformation requiring external electrical energy; applications include electroplating and water splitting.
Position vector OM, velocity v = dOM/dt (tangent to trajectory), acceleration a = dv/dt. In the Frenet frame: tangential component a_T = dv/dt (speed change), normal component a_N = v²/R (curvature).
1st law (inertia): in a Galilean frame, balanced forces mean rest or uniform straight-line motion. 2nd law (PFD): ΣF = m×a. 3rd law (action-reaction): F(A/B) = −F(B/A), same line of action, same magnitude, opposite direction.
Free fall (no friction): a = g downward. Projectile motion: x = v₀cos(α)t, y = v₀sin(α)t − ½gt². Trajectory is a parabola. Maximum range on flat ground at α = 45°. Charged particle in uniform electric field E: F = qE, a = qE/m, parabolic trajectory analogous to projectile motion.
Gravitational force: F = Gm₁m₂/r² (G = 6.674×10⁻¹¹ N·m²·kg⁻²). 1st law: elliptical orbits with the Sun at one focus. 2nd law: equal areas swept in equal times. 3rd law: T²/a³ = 4π²/(GM). Circular orbit: v = √(GM/r), T = 2πr/v. Geostationary satellite: T = 24 h, equatorial plane.
Kinetic energy: Ec = ½mv². Gravitational potential energy: Ep = mgh. Mechanical energy: Em = Ec + Ep. Work-energy theorem: ΔEc = ΣW(F). When only conservative forces act, Em is conserved. Non-conservative forces (friction) cause Em to decrease; the lost energy is dissipated as heat.
Power: P = UI (watts). Joule heating in resistance R: P = RI² = U²/R. Energy: E = PΔt. Circuit energy balance: generator power = useful power + Joule losses. Efficiency η = P_useful/P_total.
First law: ΔU = W + Q (internal energy change = work received + heat received). Heat capacity: Q = mcΔT. Water: c = 4180 J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹, Iron: c ≈ 450 J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹. Heat transfers spontaneously from hot to cold via conduction, convection, or radiation.
A mechanical wave propagates a disturbance through a material medium without matter transport. Wave speed: v = d/Δt. For a periodic wave: wavelength λ = v/f = vT. Diffraction occurs when the wave encounters an opening of size a comparable to λ; half-angle θ ≈ λ/a. Interference of two coherent waves: constructive if path difference δ = kλ, destructive if δ = (k+½)λ.
Electromagnetic wave; speed in vacuum c = 3.00×10⁸ m/s. Visible range: 400–800 nm. Single-slit diffraction: central fringe half-angle θ = λ/a. Young’s double slits: fringe spacing i = λD/a where D is the slit-screen distance and a the slit separation. These phenomena demonstrate the wave nature of light.
Two converging lenses: objective (long focal length f’₁) and eyepiece (short focal length f’₂). Afocal configuration: image focal point of objective coincides with object focal point of eyepiece, producing an image at infinity for comfortable observation. Magnification: G = f’₁/f’₂ = α’/α.
Read the entire paper first to identify the most accessible exercises. Respect significant figures: the result should have no more digits than the least precise datum. Check dimensional homogeneity before computing. For mechanics: draw a diagram with all forces, choose a frame, project the PFD. For chemistry: write an advancement table before any calculation. Always show the literal formula first, then substitute values, and state units.