Sociology L1 introduces the discipline's founders (Émile Durkheim, Max Weber, Karl Marx, plus Auguste Comte who coined the term) and its main theoretical schools: functionalism (Parsons, Merton), symbolic interactionism (Goffman, Chicago school), structuralism (Pierre Bourdieu and his concepts of habitus, capital, field, symbolic violence), and methodological individualism (Raymond Boudon). Quantitative methods rely on surveys, sampling and statistics; qualitative methods rely on interviews, ethnography and content analysis. The hallmark of an L1 sociology paper is rigour with concepts and concrete empirical examples, avoiding common-sense reasoning.

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