The French Terminale biology specialty (SVT) covers three pillars: life and evolution (genetic diversification through mutations, meiotic shuffling, gene duplication, horizontal transfer; natural selection and genetic drift; speciation; the Homo lineage from sapiens to neanderthalensis), planetary issues (climate change with ice cores, geothermy, forests and biodiversity dynamics), and human body & health (innate vs adaptive immunity, vaccination, neurons and synapses, glycaemia regulation through insulin and glucagon, type 1 vs type 2 diabetes). The bac exam runs 3h30 written plus a 1-hour practical (ECE).

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